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OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION |
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Population of distribution |
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Production system |
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Contribution and utilization |
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Breed unique |
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Current situation, constraints and problem |
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Swamp buffalo development in the past |
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Promising project for buffalo development |
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The future |
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Buffalo in Thailand have been classified as
the swamp type. Traditionally, they were raised by small farm holders for
multipurpose roles as complementary with their crop production. The role of
buffalo farming essentially takes the form of three functions: |
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1. farm integration function |
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2. Insurance, capital formation and
income |
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3. Food production |
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Low input self sufficient system |
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Free of charge grazing area |
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Crop production system |
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Socio-economic framework |
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Human need |
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Food security |
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- Balance need & availability |
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Income creation |
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- Sale progeny |
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Environmental protection |
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- Soil fertility |
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- Biodiversity |
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Contribution of buffalo |
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Food production |
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- Market supply |
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Insurance, capital formation |
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- Saving bank |
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Farm integration |
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- Draught power |
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- Nutrient transfer |
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Buffalos are more than just tools. They are part of Thai tradition life
& recreation. |
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The most efficient use of low quality roughage |
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Tolerance to stressful environment |
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Ability to graze under water forage |
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Working capacity |
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Lean meat |
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Institutional problem |
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High demand |
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Low productivity |
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Socio-economic problem |
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Less consideration given to buffalo than cattle |
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Promotion of mechanization |
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Ineffective laws and regulation enforcement |
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Demand for meat consumption 550,000 h/y |
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Original- from stock raising ~
300,000 |
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- neighbour buff & smuggling meat 240,000 h/y |
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Supply side |
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- Produced progeny
150,000 h/y |
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- Heavy harvested unproductive & stock |
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- Subsistence production system |
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Research and activities 1975 – 1989. |
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1990 > lack or international support. |
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Neglected from all. |
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The national buffalo research and development
project center. |
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Breeding improvement. |
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Mass selection. |
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Selected phenotype only |
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Not selected for genetic merit |
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Genetic lag |
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High cost |
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Small herd size |
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Breeding objective - where to go ? |
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High production, growth & fertility |
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Fit with environment |
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Genetic evaluation |
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BLUP technique - Thai Breedplan |
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EBV to rank animal |
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Breeding program design |
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Open nucleus breeding scheme |
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Assortive mating in nucleus herd |
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To make genetic progress |
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Demonstration village for buffalo conservation
and development. |
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Cattle and buffalo bank project. |
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Breeding improvement on farm trial. |
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Organized extension program. |
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Self sufficient economy. |
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Farmer participatory system, bottom up. |
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Strengthening civil society. |
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Decentralization. |
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Multidiscipline research and development
approach. |
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Increased efficiency of productivity. |
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Closer link among researcher,extension worker
and farmer. |
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No blue print for development. |
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There is no fixed blue print for development of
the production system. |
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Each site develops its own based on the |
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local environment |
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natural resource |
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socio–economic and cultural practice |
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and traditional farming system of the site. |
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create a strong civil society - by holding
regular meetings & election of own leaders. |
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closer links among researchers, extension
workers and farmers. |
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define efficiency of buffalo production in terms
of output per productive female.
Reducing calving interval will mean the largest income effect. the
framers in the village. |
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advise farmers of other extension work. |
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increase knowledge transfer by using techniques
that farmers at the village level will relate to e.g. |
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demonstration site |
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peer discussion. |
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Extension service emphasis on participation of
target group. |
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Stabilize the sale price of live buffaloes and
cattle. |
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Multidiscripline relating farming system
research. |
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Government reforms that discourage slaughter of
the female herd. |
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Notes