Slide 1

"OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION"

OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

Population of distribution

Production system

Contribution and utilization

Breed unique

Current situation, constraints and problem

"Swamp buffalo development in the..."

Swamp buffalo development in the past

Promising project for buffalo development

The future

Introduction

Introduction

Buffalo in Thailand have been classified as the swamp type. Traditionally, they were raised by small farm holders for multipurpose roles as complementary with their crop production. The role of buffalo farming essentially takes the form of three functions:

1. farm integration function

2. Insurance, capital formation and income

3. Food production

Population and Distribution

Slide 8

Slide 9

Production System

Low input self sufficient system

Free of charge grazing area

Crop production system

Socio-economic framework

Crop Residue

Low Input : Access to Feed Free of Charge

Available Feed Along Road Side

Simple Confine Pen at Night

Cut and Carry Native Grass

Intensive System esp. Station Farm

Contribution and Utilization

Human need

Food security

- Balance need & availability

Income creation

- Sale progeny

Environmental protection

- Soil fertility

- Biodiversity

Contribution of buffalo

Food production

- Market supply

Insurance, capital formation

- Saving bank

Farm integration

- Draught power

- Nutrient transfer

Slide 18

Recreation

Recreation

Buffalos are more than just tools. They are part of Thai tradition life & recreation.

Unique Characteristics

The most efficient use of low quality roughage

Tolerance to stressful environment

Ability to graze under water forage

Working capacity

Lean meat

Slide 22

Current Situation, Constraints and Problems

Institutional problem

High demand

Low productivity

Socio-economic problem

Institutional Problem

Less consideration given to buffalo than cattle

Promotion of mechanization

Ineffective laws and regulation enforcement

Demand & Supply : Unbalance

Demand for meat consumption                 550,000 h/y

Original- from stock raising                      ~ 300,000

            - neighbour buff & smuggling meat 240,000 h/y

Supply side

      - Produced progeny       150,000 h/y

      - Heavy harvested unproductive & stock

      - Subsistence production system

Buffalo Development in the Past

Research and activities 1975 – 1989.

1990 >         lack or international support.

   Neglected from all.

The national buffalo research and development project center.

Breeding improvement.

   Mass selection.

Close Nucleus Herd

Central Testing System

Selected phenotype only

Not selected for genetic merit

Genetic lag

High cost

Small herd size

Open Nucleus Breeding Scheme

"Breeding objective"

Breeding objective - where to go ?

High production, growth & fertility

Fit with environment

Genetic evaluation

BLUP technique - Thai Breedplan

EBV to rank animal

Breeding program design

Open nucleus breeding scheme

Assortive mating in nucleus herd

To make genetic progress

Surin Buffalo Genetic Trends

DLD Project on Buffalo

Demonstration village for buffalo conservation and development.

Cattle and buffalo bank project.

Breeding improvement on farm trial.

Organized extension program.

New Concepts for Development

Self sufficient economy.

Farmer participatory system, bottom up.

Strengthening civil society.

Decentralization.

Multidiscipline research and development approach.

Increased efficiency of productivity.

Closer link among researcher,extension worker and farmer.

No blue print for development.

No Blue Print

No Blue Print

There is no fixed blue print for development of the production system.

Each site develops its own based on the

local environment

natural resource

socio–economic and cultural practice

and traditional farming system of the site.

Aims of the new system

create a strong civil society - by holding regular meetings & election of own leaders.

closer links among researchers, extension workers and farmers.

define efficiency of buffalo production in terms of output per productive female. Reducing calving interval will mean the largest income effect. the framers in the village.

advise farmers of other extension work.

Aims of the new system

increase knowledge transfer by using techniques that farmers at the village level will relate to e.g.

demonstration site

peer discussion.

Extension Service

National Buffalo Day

The Association of Buffalo Conservation and Development ABCD

The Future

Extension service emphasis on participation of target group.

Stabilize the sale price of live buffaloes and cattle.

Multidiscripline relating farming system research.

Government reforms that discourage slaughter of the female herd.


	OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
	Population of distribution
	Production system
	Contribution and utilization
	Breed unique
	Current situation, constraints and problem


	Swamp buffalo development in the past
	Promising project for buffalo development
	The future


		Buffalo in Thailand have been classified as the swamp type. Traditionally, they were raised by small farm holders for multipurpose roles as complementary with their crop production. The role of buffalo farming essentially takes the form of three functions:
		1. farm integration function
		2. Insurance, capital formation and income
		3. Food production


	Low input self sufficient system
	Free of charge grazing area
	Crop production system
	Socio-economic framework


	Human need
	Food security
	- Balance need & availability
	Income creation
	- Sale progeny
	Environmental protection
	- Soil fertility
	- Biodiversity
	Contribution of buffalo
	Food production
	- Market supply
	Insurance, capital formation
	- Saving bank
	Farm integration
	- Draught power
	- Nutrient transfer


	Buffalos are more than just tools. They are part of Thai tradition life & recreation.


	The most efficient use of low quality roughage
	Tolerance to stressful environment
	Ability to graze under water forage
	Working capacity
	Lean meat


	Institutional problem
	High demand
	Low productivity
	Socio-economic problem


	Less consideration given to buffalo than cattle
	Promotion of mechanization
	Ineffective laws and regulation enforcement


	Demand for meat consumption 550,000 h/y
	Original- from stock raising ~ 300,000
	- neighbour buff & smuggling meat 240,000 h/y
	Supply side
	- Produced progeny 150,000 h/y
	- Heavy harvested unproductive & stock
	- Subsistence production system


	Research and activities 1975 – 1989.
	1990 > lack or international support.
	Neglected from all.
	The national buffalo research and development project center.
	Breeding improvement.
	Mass selection.


	Selected phenotype only
	Not selected for genetic merit
	Genetic lag
	High cost
	Small herd size


	Breeding objective - where to go ?
	High production, growth & fertility
	Fit with environment
	Genetic evaluation
	BLUP technique - Thai Breedplan
	EBV to rank animal
	Breeding program design
	Open nucleus breeding scheme
	Assortive mating in nucleus herd
	To make genetic progress


	Demonstration village for buffalo conservation and development.
	Cattle and buffalo bank project.
	Breeding improvement on farm trial.
	Organized extension program.


	Self sufficient economy.
	Farmer participatory system, bottom up.
	Strengthening civil society.
	Decentralization.
	Multidiscipline research and development approach.
	Increased efficiency of productivity.
	Closer link among researcher,extension worker and farmer.
	No blue print for development.


	There is no fixed blue print for development of the production system.
	Each site develops its own based on the
		local environment
		natural resource
		socio–economic and cultural practice
		and traditional farming system of the site.


	create a strong civil society - by holding regular meetings & election of own leaders.
	closer links among researchers, extension workers and farmers.
	define efficiency of buffalo production in terms of output per productive female. Reducing calving interval will mean the largest income effect. the framers in the village.
	advise farmers of other extension work.


	increase knowledge transfer by using techniques that farmers at the village level will relate to e.g.
		demonstration site
		peer discussion.


	Extension service emphasis on participation of target group.
	Stabilize the sale price of live buffaloes and cattle.
	Multidiscripline relating farming system research.
	Government reforms that discourage slaughter of the female herd.